
                .

 祬 㦭  ணࠬ            - 1.
 ᠭ ࠡ                      - 2.
 ਭ樯 롮 蠡              - 3.
 ᠭ 祩                      - 4.
 ࠭祭                          - 5.
 ਭ樯   SDRAM               - 6.
  १⮢              - 7.
  ,                    - 8.
  ஢  १ - 9.
 ,  , ...???                    - 10.





     1. 祬 㦭  ணࠬ.

        뤥.
   ᮡࠫ ᡥ    Celeron 448 (4x112) 
믠 訡. ᫨  ,  뤠 મ.
砫  (  殮  訩 ࠤ....),
⥬ ࠡ⠫ 筮  ....  ....
 । ந室 1 ᡮ  .   ⠫ :
---   -   ??   訡 ⨯ '1 ᡮ 
⪨' 뫥  㤭 !   ⥫ 筮  稭.
筮,  ⠢ 266MHz  ஡ 㩤 ..... ⮫쪮 
 ⨬ UpGrade ⥢.
   .., 稢 ⥫쭮, 訫   ( 
 ࠧ㬭 ⢨ 㦥 뫨 ந).     砫 ᠬ
᭮ ..... ணࠬ,    ... 祭  ...
 ... !!
   1.    ஢  .
   2.   ᠭ   XT  ࠡ  .
⢥,  - 諮 - RAMEXAM.
   10 ᮢ,   몫祭 cache 2 level - 25 -
ᮢ (   '⫨筮' ⨬樨 ).
 ६ 믮      뢠 ﭨ -
稥  ⢨ cache 2 level,   ࠧ cache 1 level  ᮡ
. ᪨, ᫨ ⪫ cache 1 level, ᪮ 㯠 
   㯠 ....  ⮫쪮 ᠬ   
믮 .
      ....
  㪨  (sourcer, hiew)  ᫥ ⨬஢ . ६ 믮-
  㬥訫  祬  10 ࠧ!   ⥫쭮!
諮  ᢮.
     ,  쥧, 稭 -  ࠡ DRAM (SDRAM)
ॢ.  ६    MR BIOS - ⥫쭠 㪠, 
 ᪠. ᫥  稭 ,  ⠪ PnP (   W95)
  . AWARD.  㣨  BIOS  ⮨  㯮.
室  SETUP  MR BIOS 砩 ஭  SIMM.
 뫨  稥. 뢠,  ॡ  䮭   
஢. 뢮 -  ப窥   ॥   祭
ᨫ쭮.    'ଠ' ०  3D action games.
 ᫨ ணࠬ '' ,  訡   .
  chipset ॥,  -   ⮨ ࠤ ( ASUS P2B ).



     2. ᠭ ࠡ.

஢ઠ  ⮨   䠧:
   1.  ᥩ  䨪஢  ६ ᫥⥫쭮.
   2. '஥' ⥭   MMX .
   3. ⥭  ஢ઠ.
 1 믮 1 ࠧ,  䠧 2  3 ᪮쪮 ࠧ.  2 ࠡ⠥
祭   㦨  ࠧॢ chip' . ஢ઠ ⠭
ଠ樨  ࠢ쭮  ந (⥫쭮 ᭨ ᪮).
   ,  ய뢠 RAM, ⮨   8- ⮢ ᫮:
A,B,A,B.  B =  A.
 ⠪ ஥ 蠡  設   ᥬ ⠬ 室 -
 ᬥ ஢ 0/1/0/1 ...,  蠥 ⭮ 㦥 訡 
㢥稢 ॢ  RAM ⠪  chipset.
       䨪஢, ⮣  RAM ய뢠 -
묨 ᫠ A,B,A,B; ⠪  ६.  ⮬ 砥 蠡 ନ 
ࠢ: A,B,A,B,A+const,B-const,A+const,B-const,A+2const... const -
ᬥ饭  ᫥騬 ﬨ 蠡.
  ॠ樨 const = -7,  ⮬ ⨣ ஬  -
ﭨ ᥩ  ᠬ  㬥襭 - 室 1/0/1/0  設
.
     ﭭ 蠡  室  ॢ RAM,   ६-
묨 -  ।  訡.   ਬ -  
祬 100 . 訡  뫮   訡  . ⭮ ।-



     3. ਭ樯 롮 蠡.

  ᫨-  ॠ쭮 ᯮ ⮢   , 
뫮-  ⨬஢  ନ஢ 蠡 ....
,  ᮦ,     ASUS P2B  ࠧ ᫮ 
६蠭.
  ..,  ࠬ ਬ ᥢ 砩 롮 蠡.祬,
  蠡   ⭮ ( ⭮ 蠡  ⮬
  室 1/0,   ⭮ 蠡 0/1 .....).
  ࠪ⨪ ,   ࠧ 蠡  ࠧ筠 ⭮
맢 訡.



      4. ᠭ 祩.

   -f   ( fast )     - ᯮ  ஡ ᪥.
   -d  ( default )   -   50 横  2 樨 ⥭.
   -s   ( slow )     -  200 横  5 権 ⥭.
   -l   ( long )     - 2000 横  5 権 ⥭.
   -v  ( very long ).- 4000 横  25 権 ⥭.

   -1  -  1 樨 ⥭ -  ।⥫쭮 ᪠ ( ४-).
   -2  -  2 樨 ⥭ - ਬ   設.
   -5  -  5 樨 ⥭ -   ⢮ ஢ન  ᪮
             ॡન ࠧ 蠡.
   -0  -  50 樨 ⥭ -  祭   ⥫쭮.
             㫨 ணࠬ  RAM.  ᪠  .
    -1...-0 㪠뢠 ᫥ 롮 - 横 ஢ન.

   -p  - 祭 ६ 蠡.  㬮砭 - 䨪. 蠡.
   -b  -   㦥 訡 ( ⮨).
   -e  -   訡  ࠭/䠩 -  ᥣ 㦭  ,
               뢠 -  ( ਬ -  ன  BIOS -
               﫮? )
   -m  -  䠧 ண ⥭  ᯮ짮 MMX .
   >>ERRORS.TXT  - ࠢ 訡  䠩 ...  ,   .
   -h  - .




     5. ࠭祭.

a.  DOS (  1Mb )  , .. ᫨  ᡮ, 
ࠢ୮  ᥬ ' .
b. - ᮫⭮ ᪮ ࠭祭 INTEL  ⠫  
஢  MMX (  ন MMX  䨪 67h).
  筮  ࠢ,  室   饭
०  32  㯮 ... 뫮 ... '   4 ࠧ  
 믮   RAM (ᥣ, -).
  﫠   ணࠬ, ⮡  cache 1 level
.     4  㤮 .
  ...  'MMX read'  ࠭祭:
  1. 'MMX read' ॥ ⮫쪮   .
  2. ᫨ 祭 cache 2 level,  'MMX read'  ᭮ 砥 cache.
        -   ...  ... cache -  ஢.
  3.  祭 cache 2 level 'MMX read benchmark' 뢠 
         cache,  몫.




     6. ਭ樯   SDRAM. (祭 ਬ୮)

         t0  t1  t2  t3  t4  t5  t6  t7  t8  t9  t10
 clock Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
                   
 RAS   Ŀ 
        
 CAS   Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ 
                                    
       ı뱥SDRAM  >   chipset
                     tx
  :
   RAS to CAS delay - ६ t2-t0
   CAS Latency      - ६ tx-t2
   RAS precharge    - প  横
  뢠 ଠ樨 襥 ﭨ 뢠
RAS to CAS delay  RAS to CAS delay.
⠫ ࠬ  ࠩ ⥫쭮 ( 㬥襭 訡 
 祬  2 ࠧ ).



     7.  १⮢ .
 १ 砥 室 䠩 :

ͻ
       Extended   memory  =  64Mb      
      50 cycles of memory checking.    
       2 repeat READ-operation.        
  Constant pattern  ͼ
Address=036F2488   load=DE32B54B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=........
Address=036F4008   load=DE32B50B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=......4.
Address=036F5008   load=DE32B50B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=......4.
Address=036F6008   load=DE32B50B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=......4.
Address=036FA708   load=DE32B50B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=......4.
Address=036E52E0   load=FFFFFFFF   pattern=FFFFFFFF   parity=........

   ⭮ -   5  ᥣ ᯥ ⠢ 1.
 襬 㢫祭 CAS_latency  ࠭ ....

Address=036F2488   load=DE32B54B   pattern=DE32B54B   parity=........
  砩 祭 ᥭ - ࢮ ࠢ 맢 訡,
 ᫥饥 ⥭  cache 뫮 ࠢ!
 訡  RAM   - 訡 ।   cache 1
level  䥩᭮  CPU.

      㢥祭 ⭮ 宦 訡 ४ 
ண .   ⮣ 室 䥭. 祬, ⥫쭮, 
 ᠬ .
᫨  ࠧ    ,    㢮
䥭 宧  ⢥⨩  .
    !   㢫, ⥬    ⮨ 
 40 ( HDD  ).   १  訡 ந襫  35.  
    ᫥ ...  ணࠬ   ࠧ - 
, .. 믮 ⠪- ⢨,     ⨯ Unreal.



     8.  ,  .

楤 :
                .....
Write_All_RAM:
                mov	ds:[edi],eax
     	        mov	ds:[edi+4],eax
     	        mov	ds:[edi+8],ebx
     	        mov	ds:[edi+12],ebx
     	        mov	ds:[edi+16],edx
     	        mov	ds:[edi+20],edx
     	        mov	ds:[edi+24],ebp
     	        mov 	ds:[edi+28],ebp

 	        add	edi,32

                add     eax,esi
                add     ebx,esi
                add     edx,esi
                add     ebp,esi

                cmp     edi,ecx
                jb      Write_All_RAM
                .....

楤 MMX ⥭:
                .....
MMX_read:
                movq    mm0,qword ptr ds:[di]
                movq    mm1,qword ptr ds:[di+8]
                movq    mm2,qword ptr ds:[di+16]
                movq    mm3,qword ptr ds:[di+24]

                add	edi,32
                cmp     edi,ecx
                jb      MMX_read
                .....
楤 ⥭:
                .....
Compare_RAM:
                cmp	eax,ds:[EDI]
	        jne	Bad_1_Word
      	        cmp	eax,ds:[EDI+4]
	        jne	Bad_2_Word
     	        cmp	ebx,ds:[EDI+8]
	        jne	Bad_3_Word
      	        cmp	ebx,ds:[EDI+12]
	        jne	Bad_4_Word
      	        cmp	edx,ds:[EDI+16]
	        jne	Bad_5_Word
     	        cmp	edx,ds:[EDI+20]
	        jne	Bad_6_Word
      	        cmp	ebp,ds:[EDI+24]
	        jne	Bad_7_Word
      	        cmp	ebp,ds:[EDI+28]
	        jne	Bad_8_Word

Next_Compare:   add	edi,32

                add     eax,esi
                add     ebx,esi
                add     edx,esi
                add     ebp,esi

                cmp     edi,ecx
                jb      Compare_RAM
                .....

   ஢﫮 த⢨  FPU, ப ,
 㬭 (cmpxchg..)  ..
CMP 믮 ॥,   䨪ᠬ.

  ....   ⨬樨   
 ਬ.



     9.  ஢  १.

- ASUS P2B, Celeron 266 ( 448 = 4 * 112 )
- SDRAM - 2 * 32Mb = 64Mb  -  Fujitsu, chips 81117822E-100FN
- ६   訡 (६ ࠧॢ) ~3 .
- benchmark: 202Mb/720Mb/320Mb  (. ⠡)
- -  CAS Latency = 3 - 192Mb/695Mb/316Mb - ᡮ !

    K5-75  P75  P208     K6-200    K6-208    Celeron448
   Write      35    62    105       80        87         202
  MMX read     -     -  167/256*  163/227*  167/253*     720
   Read       63    47     88       93        94         320

* - cache 2 level = disable/enable
* - ࢮ 祭  ॠ쭮, ஥ - ᪮ cache 2 level.

   ᨫ ࠧ   ⮫쪮  - socket 7
ࠢ   .... (  ᫨     AGP ਪ 
ᮢᥬ .)

- ᫨  蠡  A,B,A,B  A,A,A,A  ⭮
㦥 訡 㬥  祬  100 ࠧ (27040/250),
 ⢥ত ࠢ쭮 ࠢ ନ஢ 蠡.

-  ॢ  +38 mainboard (+58  CPU)  ⠭⭮ 
27070 訡   .

-    ஦ 訡,  訡  ⥭,
⮬ ⥫쭮 䥪⨢ ਬ 让 - 
樨 ⥭.

-   訡   26,35,44... 蠣.
뢮 -  ᪠    祬  200 横.

- ६ 믮 : 'default' ~ 36 ᥪ, 'slow' ~ 4 ,
'long' - 40  , 'very long' - 6 .
 䠧 MMX ⥭ 㢥稢 ६ 業⮢  25-30.

- ⭮  訡  䨪஢ 蠡
   10% , 祬  ६.

-    RAM ⢨⥫쭮 - 200Mb/sec, ..  
楤   १ MMX    .

-  ⥭  RAM  600Mb/sec, .. 饭 ⥭
ᨫ쭮   ᪮.



     10. ,  , ...???

      筮    - http://www.freeware.ru
    쬠 ४ - http://ixbt.stack.net

   ᫨ ᫨ , , 㤨.....
⢥ 졠 -       訡  ⮬ 㬥,
譥   ;-).

p.s.
宦 ᥩ  -⮬ 稫 让  ... ⠪- ࠭
 饭   প.

serj_m@hotmail.com

Serj.
